Conducted 36 explorations, augmented 2600 (seed vegetables); 168 vegetatively propagated (pointed gourd, spine gourd, sweet gourd & ivy gourd) accessions through ICAR-NBPGR/CAUs/SAUs/NGOs; deposited to NGB and sharing for research. Bitter gourd ‘gy-1’ (gynoecism) and pointed gourd ‘pt’ (seedlessness) new gene reported. Transchriptomes of gynoecious and monoecious bitter gourd 80 WRKY and 56 ARF useful factors for hybrid development, yield, and biotic/abiotic stress breeding. Bottle gourd resistant lineVRBG-12 for DM, VRBG-556 for gummy stem blight and bitter gourd NIC-122885 and VRBT-39 for DM and in pointed gourd VRPG-117, DR/AK-5, VRPG-07 and U-34/BP/DR/11 for RKN identified. In pointed gourd early stage sex determination through RAPD. De Novo transcriptome sequencing of bitter gourd using Illumine next-generation sequencer, from root flower buds, stem and leaf samples of gynoecious line (gy323) and monoecious line (DRAR1). A total of 65,540 transcripts for GY323 and 61,490 for DRAR-1 were obtained, identified 80 WRKY transcription factors. Parthenocarpic pointed gourd Stem gene(s) linked to the pubescence (sst), stem shape (rst), tendril coiling (stl), tendril branching (utl), and leaf pubescence (plf) are governed by a single gene which is first report and female sex associated RAPD marker obtained which is helpful in early assessment of gender in pointed gourd. In pointed gourd Maximum shoot proliferation of 6.2shoots per xplants with 100% shoot regeneration frequency was obtained from the female genotype on MS medium supplemented with 0.9 microMN6-BA and 200 mgl-1casein CH.